Large Language Models in the 6G-Enabled Computing Continuum: a White Paper

6G Research Visions, No. 14, led by Lauri Lovén

Abstract

The evolution towards 6G architecture will shift communication networks, with artificial intelligence (AI) playing a key role. This white paper examines the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) within 6G systems. Their ability to grasp intent, reason, and plan, and execute commands will redefine network functionalities and interactions. An essential component is the AI Interconnect framework, designed to facilitate AI operations within the network. Building on the evolving state-of-the-art, we present a new architectural perspective for the next generation of mobile networks. Here, LLMs will work together with pre-generative AI and machine learning (ML) algorithms. This union combines old and new methods, merging established approaches with AI technologies. We provide an overview of this evolution and explore the applications arising from such an integration. We envisage an integration where AI becomes central to future communication networks, offering insight into the structure and function of a 6G network centered on AI.


Please cite:

Lovén, L., Bordallo López, M., Morabito, R., Sauvola, J. & Tarkoma, S. (Eds.) (2025). Large Language Models in the
6G-Enabled Computing Continuum: a White Paper
[White paper]. (6G Research Visions, No. 14). University
of Oulu. https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202501211268


White Paper

Contributors

Authors

  • Markus Abel, Ambrosys GmbH, Germany
  • Ijaz Ahmad, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland
  • Constantino Alvarez Casado, Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Rico Berner, Ambrosys GmbH, Germany
  • Mickaël Bettinelli, LISTIC, University Savoie Mont Blanc, France
  • Kaj Mikael Björk, Centre For Intelligent Computing (CIC), University of Turku, Finland
  • Michele Capobianco, Capobianco, Italy
  • James Gross, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
  • Tri Hong Nguyen, Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland
  • Pan Hui, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (GuangZhou), China
  • Panos Kostakos, European Public Prosecutors Office (EPPO), Luxembourg
  • Abhishek Kumar, Center for Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Mika-Petri Laakkonen, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Finland
  • Xiaoli Liu, University of Helsinki, Finland
  • Zhi Liu, The University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Japan
  • Le Nguyen, Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Huong Nguyen, Center for Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Basak Ozan Ozparlak, Ozyegin University, Türkiye
  • Ville Pietiläinen, University of Lapland, Finland
  • Susanna Pirttikangas, Center for Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Stéphan Plassart, LISTIC, University Savoie Mont Blanc, France
  • Sampo Pyysalo, University of Turku, Finland
  • Soheyb Ribouh, LITIS, Université de Rouen Normandie, France
  • Jari Rinne, University of Lapland, Finland
  • Mehdi Safanpour, Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Alaa Saleh, Center for Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Saeid Sheikhi, Center for Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Olli Silvén, Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Harry Souris, Silo AI, Finland
  • Xiang Su, University of Helsinki, Finland
  • Roope Suomalainen, Silo AI, Finland
  • Athanasios V. Vasilakos, University of Agder, Norway
  • Aleksandr Zavodovski, Ericsson, Finland
  • Qi Zhang, Aarhus University, Denmark
  • Peng Yuan Zhou, Aarhus University, Denmark
  • Alireza Zourmand, Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK), Finland

Editors

  • Lauri Lovén, Center for Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Miguel Bordallo López, Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Roberto Morabito, EURECOM, France
  • Jaakko Sauvola, Empirical Software Engineering in Software, Systems, and Services Research Unit (M3S), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Sasu Tarkoma, University of Helsinki, Finland

Reviewers

  • Marja Matinmikko-Blue, Infotech Oulu and Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Marcos Katz, Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland
  • Shahriar Shahabuddin, Oklahoma State University, US
  • Mehdi Bennis, Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, Finland

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